Biochemistry: In-Depth Summary

Community Medicine / Public Health: In-Depth Summary1. EpidemiologyStudy of disease distribution & determinants. Key terms: Incidence = new cases/time, Prevalence = existing cases/population, Mortality, Morbidity. Study types: Observational (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional), Interventional (clinical trials). Mnemonic: ICE = Incidence, Cases, Existing (prevalence). Clinical: Outbreak investigations, disease surveillance.2. Preventive MedicineLevels: Primary prevent disease (vaccination, sanitation), Secondary early detection (screening), T ertiary reduce complications (rehab, chronic care). Screening tests: Sensitivity, Specificity , PPV, NPV . Mnemonic: PST = Primary , Secondary, Tertiary . Clinical: Pap smear cervical cancer , mammography breast cancer .3. Health Programs & PoliciesNational immunization programs, TB control, Malaria eradication, HIV/AIDS awareness. Community interventions: Water sanitation, nutrition programs, maternal & child health initiatives. Mnemonic: IMPACT = Immunization, Maternal, Prevention, Awareness, Control, Treatment. Clinical: Monitoring outcomes morbidity/mortality reduction.4. V accination SchedulesBirth: BCG, HepB (0). 6 wks: DPT1, Polio1, HepB2, Hib1. 10 wks: DPT2, Polio2, Hib2. 14 wks: DPT3, Polio3, HepB3, Hib3. 9-12 months: Measles, MMR. Adolescents: Td booster, HPV (if available). Mnemonic: B-BCG, H-HepB, D-DPT , P-Polio, M-Measles. Clinical: Herd immunity 80-95% coverage prevents outbreaks.5. Maternal & Child HealthAntenatal care: 4-8 visits, Iron/Folic acid, Tetanus toxoid. Safe delivery, postnatal care, breastfeeding promotion. Infant mortality reduction: V accination, nutrition, hygiene. Mnemonic: IF