Patho Nurs 3366 Exam 3 Questions With Correct Answers 2024

Patho of Azotemia in CKD {Ans: (Azotemia): More Blood Urea Nitrogen (high BUN). Kidneys are sick so it cannot excrete Urea → Uremic Encephalopathy (↓mentation) Kidneys are sick so it cannot excrete Creatinine.}S&S & patho of RHF {Ans: PVR: Liver Congestion, Ascites, Peripheral Edema, Low UO, Longer Capillary Refill, Fatigue, JVD, Confusion RV ↓ in Contractility or MI weakens RV ↑AFTERLOAD ↑ PRELOAD → RV to RA to SVC JUGULAR VEINS → JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION or to IVC to PERIPHERY to LIVER CONGESTION & ASCITES & EDEMA OF LEGS & FEET}HTN 3 pathos & 1 Sequela {Ans: 1, Atherosclerosis (narrowing, fatty deposits on arteries) 2, SNS over-secretes Epi binds and over stimulates Beta Receptors on ♥ ↑HR ↑blood flow & Pressure sustained ↑BP 3, Heart is not getting enough Blood due to atherosclerotic arteries → heart thinks it's loosing blood →RAAS kicks in to send out Angiotensin I turns into →Angiotensin II → vasoconstricts the peripheries to keep blood pumping in the heart, heart is already sick → ↑Blood Volume ↑ BP → RAAS is on overdrive → Sustain BP SEQUELA of 2 & 3 Chronic ↑ pressure to vessels causes build up of strength and size,