Advanced Pathophysiology: Case StudyStudent’s NameInstitutional AffiliationAdvanced Pathophysiology: Case StudyIllnesses of the cardiovascular system often confront the doctor involved in the daily care of patients. Knowledge of the underlying pathophysiologic processes linked to illnesses of the heart and blood vessels provides an important structure for patient management. Understanding the respiratory and cardiovascular system is a critically significant element of illness diagnosis and treatment. This is magnified by the fact that these two systems work closely together. Effective illness evaluation usually requires a comprehension that is beyond these systems and their ability to work together. Furthermore, the impact of patient characteristics, racial and ethnic variables, can have a significant impact. From the case study presented, the 65-year-old patient was suffering from a heart attack. Contrary to recent reports, patients who have had total hip joint or knee replacement surgery, arthroplasty, are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disorders in the early post-op period (SN, 2015). Although the left ventricular heart failure is the overriding picture of heart failure syndrome, the right heart can also develop isolated failure. Since age represents the largest risk factor