Nr507 Midterm Answer Sheet 2023 Chamberlain

How does obstruction of urine outflow affect GFR? {Ans: This increase in pressure leads to hydronephrosis (enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces) and is later transferred to the Bowman capsule which results in decreased GFR. Irreversible damage can occur as a result of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.}Renin-Angiotensin-Alsosterone System (RAAS) {Ans: Angiotensinogen (Liver) + Renin (Kidney) = Angiotensin I + Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) = Angiotensin II Angiotensin II: 1) Stimulates secretion of aldosterone which in turn conserves H2O and Na+. 2) Potent vasoconstriction of arterioles which increases BP. 3) Stimulates secretion of AHD for further H2O conservation. 4) Directly affects the tubules to reabsorb Na+Cl-, K+ excretion, and H2O retention. 5) Increases sympathetic activity.}What is the function of the midcortical nephrons? {Ans: ...}A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called: (A) Anaplasia (B) hyperplasia (C) metaplasia (D) dysplasia {Ans: (C) metaplasia}Chest Wall Compliance {Ans: Deceases with age as a result of ribs becoming less flexible and joints stiffer. This results in the chest wall loosing