Simple Notes On Tissue Culture

Tissue Culture Definition: Tissue culture is a technique in which plant or animal cells, tissues, or organs are grown in a sterile, nutrient-rich medium under controlled conditions. Types of Tissue Culture 1. Callus Culture - Growing undifferentiated plant cells (callus) on a nutrient medium. 2. Organ Culture - Culturing whole organs or organ parts to study development. 3. Cell Suspension Culture - Culturing free cells in a liquid medium. 4. Protoplast Culture - Growing plant cells without cell walls. 5. Embryo Culture - Growing isolated embryos under sterile conditions. Steps in Tissue Culture 1. Selection of Explant - A small piece of tissue (explant) is selected from a plant/animal. 2. Sterilization - The explant and tools are sterilized to prevent contamination. 3. Inoculation - The explant is placed in a sterile culture medium. 4. Callus Formation - Undifferentiated mass (callus) develops from explant. 5. Differentiation - Callus develops into roots, shoots, or embryoids. 6. Hardening -Plants are gradually exposed to natural conditions. 7. Transplantation - Fully grown plants are transferred to soil. Culture Media Components Macronutrients & Micronutrients Carbon Source (Sucrose) Growth Regulators (Auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins) Agar (Solid Media) / Liquid Media Vitamins & Amino Acids Applications of Tissue Culture