Pathophysiology Exam #1

Arteriosclerosis {Ans: Groups of disease characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls Atherosclerosis: Plaques of fatty deposits form in inner layer of an artery Monckeberg arteriosclerosis Arteriolosclerosis: Thickening of walls of small arteries and arterioles}Lymph {Ans: Composition similar to blood plasma and is derived from interstitial tissue fluids About 90% of this fluid is reabsorbed through the venous capillary network Remaining 10% is returned to the heart via the lymphatic system Not a closed system and has no central pump, therefore requires smooth muscle contraction, valves, pressure, skeletal muscle pumping, and arterial pulsation for movement of fluid}Hematocrit {Ans: M: 42-52% F: 37-47% Percentage of whole blood occupied by RBCs Critical values: Less than 15% or more than 60% Less than 25%: Symptoms-based approach; consult with healthcare team}Most pharmacological interventions used to manage inflammation {Ans: Involve the pathways for arachidonic acid derivatives Corticosteroids: Block production of arachidonic acids (Cortisone and hydrocortisone) NSAIDSs: inhibit the enzyme cyclooygenase and block production of prostaglandins (Ibuprofen, naproxen, aspirin)}Arterial Occlusive Disease (peripheral vascular disorders) {Ans: -Intermittent claudication -Burning ischemic pain at rest -Pain and rest worse with elevating extremity (arteries working against gravity) -Rest pain relieved by extremity