Chem 301 Biochem Midterm Study Guide Rated A+

Use the "chemiosmotic hypothesis" to explain how the energy from electron transport is "coupled" to ATP synthesis. {Ans: the action of ATP synthase is coupled with that of a proton gradient. It is the action of the proton gradient that causes a proton motive force that allows ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP}Suppose an incorrect base was inserted into a daughter strand of DNA and this error was not corrected. Now suppose the daughter strand replicates. Can the error be corrected at this stage? {Ans: The error cannot be corrected when the daughter strand replicates. The second generation DNA duplex (i.e., the "incorrect" daughter strand plus the partner strand synthesized to complement it) appear perfectly normal to the repair processes, because the base pairing is correct.}Draw the structures of adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. {Ans: }What information is provided by comparing the sequences of proteins from different organisms? {Ans: possible functional differences or binding specificities, whether the protein is a membrane protein or secreted protein, evolutionary relationships between organisms, and conserved regions or sequences, which can be very useful for predictions of protein function.}Why is error control less critical for RNA