Nurs 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Study Guide Graded A+

What causes hyperkalemia? {Ans: ESRD, medications (ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS), tissue injury, adrenal insufficiency, hypoxia, digitalis overdose, insulin deficits, acidosis}Hypertrophy {Ans: Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size of organ. Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.}Well differentiated vs undifferentiated cancer cells {Ans: Well-differentiated cancer cells look more like normal cells and tend to grow and spread more slowly than poorly differentiated or undifferentiated cancer cells.}Metabolic alkalosis can cause what? {Ans: Hypoglycemia}Hypovolemic hypernatremia {Ans: Occurs as a result of sodium and water loss. Clinical manifestations: volume depletion, orthostatic hypotension, hypotension, tachycardia, lack of organ perfusion}Hyperplasia examples {Ans: 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of epidermal cells. 2. Hormonal hyperplasia- occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus and breast. 3. Compensatory hyperplasia- liver regenerates, callus on skin 4. Pathologic hyperplasia- estrogen is unopposed by progesterone and the endometrial lining undergoes hyperplasia and increased risk for endometrial cancer}