Nst 160 Midterm 1 (Lec 1-5) 68 Correctly Answered Questions Latest Update

Process #1: Allosteric Activation of AMPK kinase activity upon AMP binding: alpha subunit vs beta subunit vs gamma subunits {Ans: 1. alpha subunit - contains N-terminal kinase domain + C-terminal domain 2. beta subunit (glue that combines 2 subunits) - conserved C-terminal domain that can form complexes w/ alpha and gamma - contains a carbohydrate binding domain for glycogen particles to be phosphorylated by glycogen kinase 3. gamma subunits: (where AMPK sensing occurs) - contain 4 CBS domain repeats that can bind 2 AMP or ATP molecules exclusively}Central and Peripheral Clocks {Ans: Central clock outputs: sleep/wakefulness, feeding/energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis Peripheral clock outputs: lipogenesis, food absorption, insulin secretion, fat accumulation, glucose clearance}Explain the pathway of Growth Factors activating mTOR {Ans: }this brings us to the question of HOW the cell can respond to the stresses of AA starvation and still make some proteins {Ans: Unique exception: while most protein translation reduced by stress activated kinases BUT *ATF4 transcription factor is INDUCED* when eIF2 is phosphorylated (don't really need to know this but ATF4 has multiple open reading frames that can counteract stresses)}Briefly describe the three methods of AMP activating AMPK? {Ans: 1. allosteric activation 2.