Hybrid Systems: {Ans: Demand: Moderation (Customization, Changes, Industry) Layout: Hybrid layouts. Manufacturing: Group technology (Cellular) layout Possibly an Assemble-to-order system}Upstream: {Ans: In a supply chain, the direction that points toward the suppliers. (i.e. ensuring empty boxes at the retail level are returned to the distributor for reuse, developing relationships with a company's first-tier suppliers in order to better communicate the needs of the present and the future.}Competitive Priorities {Ans: Cost, Quality, Speed, Flexibility}Outsourcing: {Ans: When a company contracts an outside firm to performs services, operations, or business processes that could be or were previously performed in-house.}Established channels of distribution: {Ans: Channels of distribution represent the chain of organizations that help bring a product into the hands of the end user.}Capacity utilization {Ans: A percentage of the total available capacity that is presently being used}