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Offshoring: {Ans: Strategy where a company moves manufacturing out of its "home" country to another country.}Downstream: {Ans: In a supply chain, the direction that points toward the end consumer. Downstream activities might include - delivering goods from a manufacturer to a distributor, suppliers (S1) working to get parts prepared in time for manufacturers, distributors developing relationships with retailers so they can better understand the retailer's supply chain needs.}RFID {Ans: Radio Frequency ID Technology}Hybrid Systems: {Ans: Demand: Moderation (Customization, Changes, Industry) Layout: Hybrid layouts. Manufacturing: Group technology (Cellular) layout Possibly an Assemble-to-order system}Vertical Integration {Ans: The act of a company taking on additional supply chain responsibilities that were formerly done by outside parties}Railcar Transport {Ans: Pros: More affordable than road transport, ability to carry heavier loads, more capable in poor weather, better for distance Cons: Poor on-time reliability, susceptible to loss due to in-transit vibrations,speed of shipment, access to infrastructure required}