Unicode {Ans: The international standard for information encoding.}Hash {Ans: A function that is nonreversible, takes variable-length input, produces fixedlength output, and has few or no collisions.}Carrier {Ans: The signal, stream, or data file in which the payload is hidden.}Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications {Ans: A standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Basically, GSM is the 2G network.}Volatile data {Ans: Data that changes rapidly and may be lost when the machine that holds it is powered down.}Fraud {Ans: A broad category of crime that can encompass many different activities, but essentially any attempt to gain financial reward through deception.}