proximate cause {Ans: the claimant must show that there was a direct causation between the failure to act by the tortfeasor and the injury or damage incurred by the claimant; there must be an unbroken chain of events leading from the cause of loss to the loss itself}Mortgagee {Ans: the company loaning money on the property}moral hazards {Ans: deal with situations that have the potential of creating false or fraudulent claims or dishonesty in general}assumption of risks {Ans: with this common law defense, the accused tortfeasor attempts to prove that the claimant knew what the risks or hazards were, but decided to participate in the activity anyway}reasonable expectations {Ans: a rule regarding insurance policies; since policies can include complicated and technical language, many average consumers could not understand them}3rd party insurance {Ans: if the loss was covered by the policy, then payment is made to the party that suffered the loss}- the mortgagee has the right of advance notice of policy cancellation - if the insured is denied payment for a claim, the insurer will still consider a claim for the mortgagee valid, if the mortgagee complies with the requirements for making a claim