Utmb Advanced Pathophysiology 5355 Module 6.1 Cardiovascular Study Guide Questions And Correct Answers

STEMI {Ans: involves a transmural infarct (from endocardium through the epicardium)- greatest risk of complications. when thrombus lodges permanently in the vessel, the necrosis or infarction will extend. requires emergent intervention}myocardial infarction {Ans: necrosis of heart muscle with prolonged ischemia that causes irreversible damage. ischemia determines type of MI}Atherosclerosis {Ans: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that begins with endothelial injury and progresses through several stages to become a fibrotic plaque. Once a plaque has formed it can rupture, resulting in thrombosis and vasoconstriction that leads to obstruction of the lumen and inadequate perfusion of distal tissues}fibrous plaque {Ans: is an intimal aggregation of lipids, blood proteins and inflammatory cells}cardiac depolarization {Ans: Depolarization occurs in the four chambers of the heart: both atria first, and then both ventricles- cardiac contraction}C-reactive protein (CRP) in cardiovascular disease {Ans: an indirect measure of inflammation related to atherosclerotic plaque. Homocysteine still lacks enough research to follow this lab independently.}How does smoking contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease? {Ans: Nicotine stimulates release of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) which are potent vasoconstrictors. Increases heart rate and blood pressure, which increase cardiac workload . Cigarettes are associated with increased LDL,