Nsg 533--Advanced Pathophysiology Endocrine Disorders 17 Questions And Answers

RUSH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSINGNSG 533--ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGYEndocrine Disorders - 17 questions Compare and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes in regard to etiology, natural history, and pathogenesis .o Type 1 Diabetes 10% of the diabetic population Usually occurs in adolescence or young adulthood Can occur at any age Pathophysiology: Immune-mediated Type 1 DM is a slowly progressive autoimmune T cell-mediated disease that occurs ingenetically susceptible individuals Causes destruction of pancreatic -cello Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration of the islets resulting in inflammation (insulitis) and islet -cell deatho Production of autoantibodies against islet cells, insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and other cytoplasmic proteins Non-immune-mediated No identified cause Very small number of cases Genetic Susceptibility Concordance rate for type 1 DM is greater in monozygotic than dizygotic twins In Caucasians, the risk in type 1 DM is 0.2-0.3% If an individual has type 1 DM, the risk is approximately 5% among his/her siblings Risk is 3% if mother has the disease Risk is 6% if father has the disease Risk is 30-50% for the identical twin of sibling with type 1 DM The major genetic predisposition appears to be conferred by diabetogenic genes on the short arm of chromosome 6, either within