Wk 3 Lean TechniquesChristina ForresterPhoenixOPS/571November 4, 2017IntroductionThe concept of lean manufacturing developed in the 90’s describes strategic initiatives by businesses to improve production and efficiency in the use of resources. The historical background of lean manufacturing is in the deployment of reproducible activities and conveyor belt mass production systems (Vieira & Chachadinha, 2011). Lean manufacturing has five principles. First, value is identified from the perspective of the customer. Second, all activities must contribute to delivery of value. Third, removal of waste from all processes and fifth, use of pull system for just-in-time delivery of materials (Womack & Jones, 1996). Osman Ahmed Osman & Co is a leading global contractor ranking number 112 on the ENR list of top 250 Global contractors in 2016. The company executes a broad spectrum of construction works including manufacturing and assemblage of steel structures (Osman Ahmed Osman & Co, 2017).Lean Strategies and Lean TechniquesSeveral causes of wastage are suggested in construction related industry, they include over processing, waiting, inventory, idle equipment, defects and underutilized human potential (Macomber & Howell, 2004). To address the problem of waste, Osman