Chapter Review/study Guide Chapters 19-21 Microbiology

Microbiology Chapters 19-21 TerminologyChapter 19Bacteriuria- presence of bacteria in the urine.Chlamydia- a common sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Colony-forming units (CFU’s)- a measure of bacterium or fungal numbers. Cystitis- an infection that occurs in the urinary bladder and is sometimes simply referred to as a bladder infection. Glomerulonephritis- also referred to as Bright Disease; involves inflammation and damage to the glomeruli of the kidneys.Hematuria- the presence of blood in the urine.Homeostasis- the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment of the body, regardless of environmental changes. Kidneys- the major organs of secretion. Leptospirosis- caused by the spirochete Leptospira interrogans, a zoonotic organism that can cause kidney infection and other illnesses.Mycoplasma- a gram negative, pleomorphic, faculty anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for causing some infections in the urinary tract and in reproductive organs; usually sexually transmitted and can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, and urethritis in men.Nephrons- the functional unit of the kidneys.Nephrostomy- a surgical procedure by which a tube, stent, or catheter is inserted through the skin and into the kidney. Pyelonephritis- an infection of the kidney and