Patho Exam 3 Review

A 35-year-old female suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called: A. Dislocation B. Subluxation C. Distortion D. Nonunion {Ans: B}An 86-year-old female has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of dehydration and hyponatremia after she decreased her fluid intake to minimize urinary incontinence. The client's admitting laboratory results are suggestive of prerenal failure. The nurse should be assessing this client for which of the following early signs of prerenal injury? A. Sharp decrease in urine output B. Excessive voiding of clear urine C. Acute hypertensive crisis D. Intermittent periods of confusion {Ans: A. Dehydration and its consequent hypovolemia can result in acute renal failure that is prerenal in etiology. The kidney normally responds to a decrease in GFR with a decrease in urine output. Thus, an early sign of prerenal injury is a sharp decrease in urine output. Post-renal failure is obstructive in etiology, and intrinsic (or intrarenal) renal failure is reflective of deficits in the function of the kidneys themselves.}The sudden loss of spinal reflexes, sensation, and visceral function below the level of the