Nr 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Study Guide

Page 1 of 16 1 NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Study Guide Pulmonary: Review concepts related to anticholinergic drugs and the treatment forasthma o (Block acetylcholine binding (primarily in lung) -> bronchodilation through decreased parasympathetic response Tiotropium, Ipratropium o Short-actingbeta-adrenergicagonists(SABA)- activatebeta receptors primarily in the lung -> bronchodilation through increased sympathetic response Albuterol o Oral corticosteroids - inhibit inflammatory cells and chemical production -> reduce inflammatory process Prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone o Long acting: Inhaled corticosteroids Beclomethasone, triamcinolone Mast cell stabilizers Cromolyn Leukotriene modifiers Zafirlukast, Montelukast Longactingbeta2 adrenergicagonists Salmeterol Methylxanthines Theophylline Monoclonal antibodies Omalizumab Bronchitisandassociatedpathogenesis o In bronchitis, inspired irritants promote bronchial inflammation,causing bronchial edema, increases the size and number ofPage 2 of 16 2 mucous glands and goblet cells in the airway epithelium, smoothmuscle hypertrophy with fibrosis, and narrowing of the airways. o Hypersecretion of thick, tenacious mucus occurs and cannot be cleared because of impaired ciliary function. The lungs defense mechanisms are therefore compromised, increasing susceptibilityto pulmonary infection, which contributes to airway injury and ineffective repair. o Frequent infectious exacerbations from bacterial colonization ofdamaged airways are complicated by bronchospasm with dyspnea and productive cough. Chronic bronchitis and related acid/base disturbances, perfusion, blood flow between the heart and lungs o