pictographs {Ans: symbols resemble the objects they represent}Consonantal {Ans: consonants are represented by symbols and vowels are represented by diacritical marks (arabic, hebrew)}Past Simple {Ans: ed past tense}Present Simple Verb {Ans: Subject+verb (I eat/she eats)}Prefix {Ans: before the word, give more meaning}J Michael O'Malley {Ans: Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA)}