The concept of systems is explained based on the relation between parts and a whole. Frick said that "... a system has parts that fit together to make a whole ..." but the important aspect of systems is "... how those parts are connected or related to each other" (1991, p. 17). With source {Ans: Paraphrasing Plagiarism}In explaining how he proposes to extend the current view of design, Reeves (1999) adds three primary components to design, including fundamental emphasis on human cognition, designing content equally with interface, and considering everyone who will use the design to be a learner. With source {Ans: Not Plagiarized}Merrill (2002) notes that the learning task should represent the task that the learner will encounter in the real world following instruction (the task should be authentic). He identified the First Principles of Instruction by analyzing a variety of design theories and models and defined a principle as "a relationship that is always true under appropriate conditions regardless of program or practice" (Merrill, 2002, p. 43). The first of Merrill's five principles states, "Learning is promoted when learners are engaged in solving real-world [authentic] problems" (Merrill, 2002, p. 45). With source {Ans: Not Plagiarized}Papastergiou