Nr 503 Midterm Study Guide Graded A+

Determinants of health {Ans: the range of personal, social, economic , and environmental factors that influence health status}Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) {Ans: - subjects in a population are randomly allocated into control groups -to receive or not receive an experimental intervention. - The results are assessed by rigorous comparison of rates of disease, death, recovery -RCTs are generally regarded as the most rigorous method of hypothesis testing}selection bias {Ans: A polling error in which the sample is not representative of the population being studied, so that some opinions are over- or underrepresented}Cohort Study Weaknesses {Ans: - Inefficient for the evaluation of rare diseases unless attributable risk percent is high. - If prospective, can be extremely expensive and time consuming. - Potential bias in ascertainment of exposure, particularly if retrospective. - Potential bias in ascertainment of disease status (exposed may be actively seeking treatment).}Confounding error {Ans: Data analysis error, where incorrect relationship is characterized Data may or may not be flawed Believing that an exposure causes the outcome alone, ignoring the possibility that confounding variable may have affected both the exposure and outcome Ex: Red hair is associated with increased pain tolerance}cohort study {Ans: a