160 Final Exam Study Guide Review With 392 Correctly Answered Questions Latest Update .

How does vitamin D affect blood calcium levels? {Ans: Vitamin D is converted to calcidiol, which is the most predominant form and inactive form of VD in the blood. Calcidiol is converted to calcitriol, which}order of defenses against hypoglycemia {Ans: 1) insulin decreases 2) glucagon increases 3) epinephrine increases 4) cortisol/GH increases (non-essential)}Apo A-V {Ans: Lipoproteins: VLDL Function: Promotes TG hydrolysis}Incretins {Ans: a group of hormones produced by the gastrointestinal system that stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas and help preserve the beta cells. These consist of GLP1/2 and GIP}T/F: In general, retinoic acid stimulates energy consumption processes (ex. UCP1, FAO, lipolysis) and represses energy storing metabolic enzymes (ex. adipocyte differentiation, DNL). {Ans: True, opposite of insulin}What is the role of HDL in atherosclerosis? {Ans: 1) promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages so that the HDL molecules can transport cholesterol out of the cell 2) decreases production of adhesion proteins on artery surface 3) prevents oxidation of LDL to modified LDL particles}