Nur 376 Final Study Guide Rated A+

aPTT {Ans: Measures time to clot; evaluates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade. Prolonged aPTT suggests need for further tests. May indicate: • Coagulation factor deficiency • Inhibition of factor VIII • Nonspecific inhibitor, such as lupus anticoagulant • Patient on heparin.}Cardiac Output {Ans: SV * HR = CO EX= 70 mL * 70 BPM = 4900 mL CO AVG CO is 5 L/min Not enough output means the body will not have sufficient oxygen}Backward effects of RHF {Ans: -Increased venous pressure -JVD -Peripheral edema -Hepatomegaly / Ascites -Splenomegaly -Gastrointestinal congestion -Weight gain -Nocturia}Type 4 hypersensitivity {Ans: Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. T-cell and Macrophage mediated, they are sensitized days before and then a reaction occurs days after. Ex: Poison Ivy}Immunosenescence {Ans: the gradual advanced age-related deterioration of the immune system that increases the risk for, and severity of, infection in the elderly. -T lymphocytes can recognize less -B lymphocytes produce less antibodies}Gout clinical manifestations {Ans: Sudden onset of a warm, painful, erythematous joint. Podagra, inflammation of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint of the great toe, is the most common presentation. Tophi are firm, yellow, painless lesions formed from monosodium urate crystal cores (uric acid buildup).}