Result Measures {Ans: Assess the difference it made to the organization, i.e. Decrease in turnover}Essential Job Function {Ans: One that is performed regularly and requires highly specialized skills or expertise, and in many cases, the reason the job exists is to perform the function.}Formula Budgeting {Ans: A specific cost is applied to calculate funding. This method applies an average cost to comparable expenses, and general funding is increased or decreased by a specific amount}Common Law {Ans: Based on court decisions}Force field analysis {Ans: Analysis in which factors that can influence an outcome in either a negative or positive way and then listed and then assigned weights to indicate their relative strengths. Group can decide to pursue opportunities with scores showing favor ability for change, avoid changes that face very strong resistance, or decide how to allocate resources to mitigate negative risks and enhance opportunities.}Porter's "Five Forces" {Ans: Framework was originally designed to identify industries that were likely to be profitable and would provide a roi. Threat of substitution, entry, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, rivalry among competitors( influenced by all 4)}