Psychology 2301 Chapter 5 Study Guide Graded A+

Partial reinforcement is to _____ as continuous reinforcement is to _____. {Ans: sometimes; always}Which of the following represents a valid criticism of the ethics of Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study? {Ans: Watson and Rayner intentionally induced a lasting fear in an infant, and they did not attempt to extinguish it when the experiment was over.}In psychology, the term conditioning refers to: {Ans: learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses.}Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as _____ are to _____. {Ans: automatic responses; voluntary responses}The notion that an organism is innately predisposed to form associations between certain stimuli and responses is termed: {Ans: biological preparedness.}Animal trainers Keller and Marian Breland tried to train a raccoon to pick up two coins and deposit them in a metal box. However, instead of dropping the coins in the box, the raccoon would rub the coins together, much as raccoons do with their food in the wild. This tendency of the raccoon to revert to its natural behavior patterns is termed: {Ans: instinctive drift.}