Abolishing Operation (AO) {Ans: A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion.}Transivity {Ans: refers to the transfer of the relation to new combinations through shared membership (if AB and BC, then AC).}trial-by-trial IOA formula {Ans: Number of trial (items) agreement/Total number of trials (items) x 100= %}Automatic Reinforcement {Ans: reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others. when a person's behavior creates a favorable outcome without the involvement of another person.}UMO {Ans: include states such as being tired, hungry, thirsty and wanting of activity. A clear example, if you are stranded on an island without food the need to satisfy hunger would be reinforced. This association would not have to have been previously learned.}direct measurement {Ans: Occurs when the behavior that is measured is the same as the behavior that is the focus of the investigation. The individual measuring behavior takes data by being physically present and directly observing the behavior. Examples: Frequency and duration are both examples of direct measurement.}