Pharmacology Final Keiser University 2023 Exam

Metformin {Ans: INDICATION: Used to lower blood glucose in Type 2 Diabetes also used to treat poly-cystic ovary syndrome. ADVERSE EFFECTS: Hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, GI upset, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, heartburn, and allergic skin reaction. **NOTE: Mention that you tested the blood sugar (glucose).}DMARDs Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs = immunosuppressive drugs *With arthritis we are just trying to stop inflammation b/c it will cause damage to the joints {Ans: Nonbiological = Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) *can also be used in arthritis in a smaller dose to decreases inflammation Biological = Etanercept (Enbrel) = given subcut rotate sides, pinch skin, before giving may see some irritation if signs of inflammation call provider}Posterior Pituitary Hormones = *ADH (antidiuretic hormones) =* *Medications given for diabetes insipidus:* • Desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate) • Vasopressin = causes vasoconstriction {Ans: MOA: they help decrease the water output that the patient has = so we should see better retention, no dehydration (MONITOR WEIGHT FOR FLUID RETENTION) A/E: • *Water intoxication* = lightheadedness, seizures • Abdominal cramps, flatulence, N/V • *Myocardial ischemia, hypertension, anything that effects on the heart (vasopressin)*} {Ans: *Euvolemic Hyponatremia* is a metabolic condition in which the total body water increases, but the body's sodium