Nr 507 Final Exam With Questions And Answers #4

DNA and genetics {Ans: Genotype- individual's chromosomes- the blueprint Phenotype- the physical end results (eye color, hair color, blood type) -Human genome= 20,000 genes -97% of genes are noncoding DNA -3% codes for synthesis of 60,000-80,000 different proteins, enzymes, hormones, ion channels, cell membrane receptors -99.9% of DNA in humans is the same}Acute phase C- reactive protein {Ans: -Produced in the liver - Most sensitive to acute phase reactants -Levels rise rapidly in inflammation ( non-specific to type of inflammation)}Unstable coronary artery plaque {Ans: -Lipid rich core and thin fibrous cap - breaks off by shear force, inflammation, apoptosis, macrophage-derived degradative enzymes - causes inflammation, release of multiple cytokines, platelet activation and adherence, production of thrombin and vasoconstriction, thrombus formation over lesion}Cause of aplastic anemia {Ans: Failure of bone marrow to produce mature cells causing pancytopenia (reduction of all 3 blood cell types) - Idiopathic, acquired stem cell defects, immune mediated - whole-body irradiation, viral infections, hepatitis, CMV, epstein-barr virus, herpes zoster, inherited -Chemica: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, benzene, chloramphenicol, arsenicals, carbamazepine, gold salts}buffer molecules {Ans: -Plasma- Bicarbonate-carbonic acid and HGB. -Intracellular- Phosphate and protein Renal- Ammonia and Phosphate}Chromosomes {Ans: Somatic cells -46 chromosomes (23