acquisition (takeover) {Ans: purchase of the stock or other equity interests of an entity; all or a substantial amount of its assets}merger {Ans: two separate companies combine and form one}forward vertical integration {Ans: taking control of a reseller, e.g. Heineken bought Punch Taverns (pub chain in UK) to sell its own beer}divestiture {Ans: sale of a portion of a company}joint venture {Ans: two or more companies work together in a specific area, but otherwise retain their distinct, separate identities}hostile takeover bid {Ans: offer to purchase a company despite disapproval or resistance from its board of directors}