Gender Studies 101 - Midterm Q&a On Gender Study Concepts.

1------GEN101Midterm1.Defineintersectionalityandexplainhowintersectionalityisusefulforanalyzingpolicies,institutions,andone sexperiences.Intersectionalityisatermdefinedasametaphorforunderstandinghowdif ferentracesandskincolorscausedisadvantagesthatoverlapwiththeexperiencesthattheyshareexperience.Overtime,theseexperiencescauseobstaclesthatconventionalthinkingcannotexplain.KimberlyCrenshaw sbookMappingtheMar gins:Intersectionality ,IdentityPoliticsandV iolenceAgainstW omenofColordiscusseshowintersectionalitycanhelpanalyzepoliciesorone sexperiences.Inherstatement,Intersectionalityanalysisthatgenderandraceareco-existingtogetheranddependencytogether ,andblackwomenareespeciallythetar getinthepolitics,genderaloneorracealone,thatformasubordinationatthesametime.(KimberlyCrenshaw).Itexplainsthatpoliticsoftenuserace,gender ,orbothastoolstotar getspecificgroups.Thisfrequentlycausesintersectionalitybecausepeopleofcolor ,especiallywomen,canfinditrelated.InanotherarticlewrittenbyAndreaSmith,shestated:Policiesaremorefocusedonhowourwomenofcolorandpeopleofcolorhavebeenmisaligned.(Andreaetal.andtheThreePillarsofWhiteSupremacy)ItcorrelatedwithKimberlyCrenshaw sstatementthatintersectionalityoftencomeswithgenderandracethatoverlapwiththeexperienceofeachother;itespeciallycomeswithpolitics,whichtar getswomenofcolortomakepolitics,andintersectionalitycanhelpthescholarsandresearchersuseitasevidencetounderstandingbyrecognizethediversity ,itenablesanalysistheimbalanceinthepoliciesandrecognizesit.2Especiallywhenitcomestoinstitutions,suchashealthcare,peopleoftenexperienceinequalitybasedontheirgenderandrace.Intersectionalityconsidersthemultipleaspectsofaperson'sidentity ,suchasgender ,race,andclass,tocreateamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofinequality .Italsohelpsusrecognizetheuniqueexperiencesofdif ferentgroupsofpeopleandthattheirstrugglesmaydif fer.Therefore,intersectionalityhelpsdevelopmoreef fectivepoliticsandshapesabetterexperienceforpeopleofcolor .2.Definefeminismandexplainhowfeminismchallengesoppression(gender ,racial,class,etc.)Feminismisasocialmovementadvocatingequalrightsandopportunitiesforallgenders.Meanwhile,feministssharethesamegoalsofpromotinggenderequality .Oneofthescholarssharestheirdif ferentunderstandingsoffeminism.BellHooksseesmainstreamfeminismaswhite,middle-classfeminism.AccordingtoBellHooks,traditionalfeminismhadfrequentlyignoredtheexperiencesandconcernsofmar ginalizedgroupsinfavoroffocusingonissuesthatprimarilyaf fectprivilegedwomen.Shehighlightsthesignificanceofintersectionality ,recognizingthatgenderintersectswithothersocialidentities,suchasrace,class,andsexuality ,thatinfluencepeople sneedsandexperiences.InBellHook sbook,shediscusseshowfeminismfacesthechallengeofoppression,stating:Whenreformistfeministthinkersthatreformistfromtheprivilegedclassbackground,theiragendawasachievingsocialequalitywithmenoftheirclass,itmeanstoseekforhigh-payingcareers,withtheso-calledliberation.(BellHooks),anotherstatementfromherbook:Feministsshouldemphasizeonwork,inwhichdemandequalpayforequalwork,womengainedmorerightsconcerningsalariesandpositionasaresultof3feministprotest.(BellHooks).Ithighlightsthefeministchallengeofmendominatingtheworkplacetodemandequalpayforequalworkinsteadofequalitywithmen.Furthermore,feminismistochallengeasocietywheremendominateandfightfortherighttoequalsalary .Moreover ,menhavetherighttoreceivethesametreatmentineducation.Thegoalsoffeminism,fromthepasttothepresent,aretounlimitedtheinequalitythatexistsinclassorrace;inmodernfeminism,theychallengelawmakerstogivewomenreproductiverights,LGBTQ+,theychallengeinthewaythroughprotest,themostef fectivetomakesurethevoiceisbeingheard.Feminismisalsoaboutadvocatingfortherightsofmar ginalizedpeoples,suchaspeopleofcolorandIndigenouspeoples.Itisalsoaboutadvocatingfortherightsofdisabledpeopleandlow-incomepeople.Finally ,feminismisalsoaboutchallengingoppressivesystems,suchascapitalism,patriarchy ,andcolonialism.3.Definegenderandexplainthear gumentsoftwoarticleswereadthusfarthathelpedyouunderstandwhatgendermeans.Howdidthesetwoarticlescontributetoyourunderstandingofgender?(Donotusetheintersectionalityframework)Genderisatermthatisnotaboutsexbutinsteaddefinedashowwomenandmenactintheirroles,whichcomesfromtheculturalandsocialperformancetoexplaintheroleofsex.T woarticleshelpustounderstandgender ,andthefirstarticlesareTheCrunkFeministCollectionandNighttoHisDay:TheSocialConstructionofGender ..Thefirstarticledescribesgenderandstates:Thewaythatweapproachgenderissolarbasedonthecontrivedsystem,whichdesignedtodevoteintowomenandmen,italsoincludestranspeopleandintersexpeople,itaf fectshowtheirperformancetheirgenderinprivateorpublic.(BrittneyCooper ,et,al).4JudithLorberdescribegenderasgenderandsexarenotequivalent,andgendercanbeseenassocialconstruction,ratherthanflowwithgenitaliaandreproductiveor gans..Socialconstructioniscarefuldesignbyteaching,learning,emulation,andenforcement.(JudithLorber).Inbothofthestatements,bothauthorscarryouttwodif ferentperspectivesongender;thefirststatementismorefocusedonthesystemandseeshowthesystemshapesusintodefininggender ,andthesecondstatement sapproachtoidentifyinggenderisdefinedasgenderisasocialconstruction,dif ferthansexthatwedesignatbirth.Thissocialconstructioncanbetaughtthroughaprocess.Therefore,ithelpsmeunderstandthatgenderisnotequaltosex,andgenderissomethingthatcanbetrainedtoidentifythroughthesystemorsociety .Thereisnorestrictiononwhatpeoplewanttoberecognizedasgenderotherthanthesextherebedesignatedatbirth.Inconclusion,genderisatermseenasanideologythatcanbedefinedasarole,expression,orbehaviorthatcanbefreelyexpressedbasedonthegenderinwhichtheywanttobeindependent.5Refer ences(n.d.).W ikipedia.RetrievedMarch12,2024,fromhttps://learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com/61aab133e7df2/22641943?X-Blackboard-S3-Bucket=learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos&X-Blackboard-Expiration=1710309600000&X-Blackboard-Signature=ljb6iKawvtkJfca%2F9mrrSc4mQ8S4WtpL ykDUXCz7YLorber ,J.(n.d.).NighttohisDay:TheSocialConstructionofGenderJudithLorber .RetrievedMarch12,2024,fromhttps://sociology .morrisville.edu/readings/SOCI101/SOS28-Lorber -NightToHisDay .pdfM,R.(n.d.).(PDF)FEMINISMISFOREVER YBODYPassionatePoliticsCONTENTS|ROHITHM.Academia.edu.RetrievedMarch12,2024,fromhttps://www .academia.edu/6360370/FEMINISM_IS_FOR_EVER YBODY_Passionate_Politics_CONTENTSSmith,A.(n.d.).Heter opatriar chyandtheThr eePillarsofWhiteSupr emacy.IndianaCoalitionAgainstDomesticV iolence.RetrievedMarch12,2024,fromhttps://icadvinc.or g/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/heteropatriarchy-and-the-three-pillars-of-white-supremacy .pdf