Diabetes Exam 2024 With 100% Correct Answers

Meglitidines {Ans: Stimulates beta cells to release insulin Repaglidine, Nateglidine Short-acting Contraindicated in: liver dysfunction (leads to hypoglycemia)}Thiazolidinediones {Ans: Contraindicated in class 3 & 4 heart failure. Pioglitazone & Rosiglitazone associated with heart failure & heart attacks, strokes.}Priority interventions for DKA/HHS {Ans: #1: Vigorous fluid replacement #2: Insulin infusion (after fluid replacement initiated, IV bolus followed by infusion until BG reaches 200-250 mg/dL then exchanged for dextrose) #3: Potassium replacement (6-8 hours after first dose of insulin) #4: Treat underlying cause}Mild hypoglycemia S&S {Ans: Hungry, irritable, weak, shaky, headache, fully conscious}Random plasma glucose {Ans: DM: >200 mg/dL}Kidney-protecting drugs {Ans: ACE inhibitors: reduce levels of albuminuria and reduces progression of kidney disease ARBs: recommended for patients with persistent albuminuria or advanced stages of nephropathy *Do not give to patients with normal BP & normal albumin excretion}HHS: Lack of improvement in LOC {Ans: Inadequate rate of fluid replacement, requires adjustment}HHS: Assessment {Ans: Body weight, urine output, kidney function, pulmonary congestion, JVD helps determine rate of fluid infusion}If patient is receiving insulin infusion {Ans: Monitor every 30 minutes to 2 hours}Risk fx for hypoglycemia unawareness {Ans: Elderly, beta blockers}When sick, SMBG {Ans: