Honors Biology Semester 2 Final Exam With Correct Answers

Krebs Cycle {Ans: Starts with 2 pyruvate, ends with CO2 and high energy electrons (NADH and FADH2) Produces 2 ATP and occurs in the mitochondria; matrix}Okazaki fragments {Ans: are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication. They are complementary to the lagging strand, together forming short double-stranded DNA sections.}Grana {Ans: the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.}Mitochondria Matrix {Ans: Location of the Krebs Cycle}Warm Water {Ans: During DNA Extraction: softens the bonds between the phospholipids and denature some of the DNA proteins.}Electron Transport Chain {Ans: Starts with high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. 2 electrons are needed to move the H+ to the inter membrane space. ATP synthase rotated and converts ADP to ATP. Creates 34 ATP molecules}Point Mutation {Ans: a change (subitution) in one or a few nucleotides}Phosphagen System {Ans: provides phosphate from ADP to become ATP and creatine is created. ATP loses a phosphate to create ADP with creatine kinases and creates phosphcreatine.}SDS (Lysis solution) {Ans: During DNA Extraction: separated the phospholipids in the cell membrane}Rosalind Franklin {Ans: By using X-Ray diffraction she was