Wjec Criminology Unit 2 Study Guide Graded A+

Merton's Strain Theory {Ans: Anomie can result among groups which are prevented from achieving material success. Crime occurs when there are not enough legitimate means to achieve the success in society.}How does Becker explain the labeling process in his theory? {Ans: Negative labels are generally given to the powerless by the powerful, such as police and judges, leading to the stigmatization of certain individuals.}Restorative justice {Ans: A voluntary process involving the person who has suffered harm and the person who causes harm. Trained facilitators find out what can be done to repair the harm.}Mandatory {Ans: Required by law}Penalty notices {Ans: A small fine issued by the police. These can be issued without the use of court proceedings for minor crimes such as shoplifting or being drunk and disorderly in public. No criminal conviction if the fine is paid}Clare's Law {Ans: A young woman was killed by her violent partner. Her father was convinced that she would still be alive had she known about her partner's previous violent behaviour. Following the campaign, the "Domestic Abuse Disclosure Scheme" was introduced. It allows members of the public to make enquiries to find out if individuals they are