A-Level Chemistry Aqa Physical Chemistry Study Guide Graded A+

Define standard electrode potential {Ans: The voltage measured under standard conditions when a half cell is connected to a standard hydrogen electrode.}Effect of temperature {Ans: A+2B⇌C+D Increasing temperature shifts to endothermic to absorb heat Decreasing temperature shifts to exothermic to release heat}Strong acids {Ans: HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4}Define first electron affinity {Ans: The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mole of gaseous atoms gain 1 mole of electrons to form 1 mole of gaseous -1 ions.}What is a half cell? {Ans: One half of an electrochemical cell.}Covalent Bonding {Ans: A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, with both nucleus' electrostatically attracted to electrons}Metallic Bonding {Ans: The attraction between delocalised electrons and the positive metal ions in a lattice}Which side does equilibrium lie on for acids and bases? {Ans: Strong acids/bases on the left Weak acids/bases on the right}Effect of a catalyst {Ans: Has no effect, but helps increase rate of reaction equally}Fuel cell equation {Ans: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O}Explain how VDWFs arise between molecules {Ans: Within a covalent bond, the electrons move randomly resulting in temporary dipoles leaving one delta