Nsg 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 4 - Rush University (Questions & Answers)

Penicillins and cephalosporins are _____ excreted. {Ans: renally; with the exception of ceftriaxone (good choice for someone on dialysis)}Mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics {Ans: 1) beta-lactamases 2) low affinity penicillin-binding proteins}True or false: beta-lactams are better at treating gram (+) bacteria {Ans: True; there is only one inner cell membrane to get through, and beta-lactamases do not concentrate where the abx binds.}MRSA is resistance to beta-lactams due to _______ . {Ans: it's alteration of the penicillin binding proteins, causing low affinity for penicillins}Mechanism of action of azoles (fluconazole, etc.) {Ans: Inhibits ergosterol synthesis via inhibition of fungal cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes. Fungi form resistance by altering these target enzymes.}Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes: {Ans: 1) Have circular DNA that floats free in the cytoplasm in addition to plasmids that carry genes 2) Lack membrane-bound organelles 3) Are capable of asexual reproduction (binary fission)}True or false: doxycycline binds with metal ions like calcium, iron, magnesium, etc. {Ans: True; best absorbed if taken on an empty stomach.}Vancomycin infusion reaction (VIR) {Ans: Adverse effect causing flushing, rash, pruritis, urticaria, hypotension, and tachycardia. Caused by direct activation of mast cells leading to histamine release (not IgE