100 Final Exam With 100% Verified Correct Answers

how do antibiotics work? {Ans: 1. Kill the bacteria directly (bactericidal) 2. Inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria (bacteriostatic)}adverse effects of TCDD {Ans: poisoning manifests as chloracne, and may cause stillbirths/defects}st johns wort {Ans: treat mild depression}Flumazenil {Ans: Antidote to benzodiazepine overdose (antagonist that reverses the CNS effects)}sweetners {Ans: aspartame, saccharin, improve sweetness without adding extra sugar}GABA {Ans: the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain}Zolipidem {Ans: hypnotic (sleep)}CNS depressants {Ans: Substances that slow down the body's functions, including heart and breathing rates. ex: sedative hypnotics, alcohol}grandparenting {Ans: new regulations don't apply to drugs already on the market}sedative hypnotics work by {Ans: modulating the chloride channel in the CNS and overall enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA: GABA agonists}How does antibiotic resistance occur? {Ans: Evolution: Antibiotics kill the bad bacteria, and the good bacteria that protects the body from infection. the bacteria become drug resistant, and can take over and give the resistance to other bacterial cells. Also: misuse of antibiotics clinically (over-prescription or misdiagnosis) and antibiotics in the environment (through agriculture)}What properties of a substance contribute to abuse and dependence? {Ans: 1. Tolerance 2. Withdrawal 3. Loss