Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 4 Questions With Complete Solutions

causes of hypoxemia with increased P {Ans: V/Q mismatch Shunt Diffusion Defect}what are some examples of cerebral edema that are osmotic due to hypo-osmolar state? {Ans: acute hyponatremia rapid hemodialysis}what is the loop circuit of the basal ganglia? {Ans: cortex - basal ganglia - thalamus - back to cortex abnormality in circuit disrupts the flow of movements such as limb or eye movement and emotional regulation}psychiatric HD features {Ans: -dysphoria, agitation, irritability, apathy, anxiety -frequent symptoms - disinhibition, depressed mood, SI, euphoria, aggression -infrequent symptoms - delusions, compulsions, preservative, things have to be done in a certain way and order -rare symptoms - hypersexuality, hallucinations}air trapping in emphysema {Ans: loss of elasticity, loss of recoil, prevents full exhalation causing more gas volume to remain in alveoli at end of exhalation increased residual volume and overinflated lungs}low risk for bacterial meningitis if all of what factors are absent? {Ans: positive CSF gram stain CSF ANC >1000 CSF protein of >80 peripheral ANC of >10000 seizure before or at time of presentation}dementia {Ans: an acquired deterioration and progressive failure of many cerebral functions that includes impairment of intellectual processes with a decrease in orientating, memory,