Usmle Step 1 Rapid Review (Rapid Review Facts For Usmle Step 1) Rated 100% Correct!!

Cirrhosis prognosis tests {Ans: Hypoalbuminemia, bilirubin, PT (lack of clotting factors made)}Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing {Ans: "Orphan Annie" eyes (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid) with *Psammoma bodies*}Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles {Ans: Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)}"Double bubble" sign {Ans: Overfilled stomach and duodenum caused by duodenal atresia (trisomy 21)}Hereditary orotic acuduria {Ans: Anemia, high orotic acid crystals, retardation, defect in UMP synthase, supplement with uridine}Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue {Ans: Primary Adrenocortical insufficiency (e.g., Addison disease) causes increased ACTH and increased alpha-MSH production (skin pigment from POMC) TB is most common cause in developing}Acute Inflammation Factors {Ans: *TLRs*: recognize PAMPs on foreign invaders (like CD14 on macrophage recognizes LPS > septic shock) *PG*'s vasodilate arterioles (PGE2 also mediates fever) *Mast cells* cross-linking dumps histamine and tryptase *LTB4* (attract neutrophils and upregulate integrins, occurs later)}Hereditary Angioedema {Ans: C1 esterase inhbitior, DO NOT USE ACE-inhibitors due to bradykinin}Diabetes insipidus tx {Ans: Desmopressin (central); HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)}Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia {Ans: *Peutz-Jeghers* syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction, increased cancer risk-mainly GI)}Hyperthyroidism {Ans: Hyperglycemia Hypocholesterolemia Scalloped Colloid Exophthalmos ^