Nr 507 Midterm Exam (Version 2) Nr507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam

Folate Deficiency {Ans: Can cause megaloblastic anemia Alcoholics can easily get folate deficiency}NYHA classificaitons {Ans: Stage 1: mild, no limitation in physical activity Stage 2: mild, slight limitation, comfortable at rest, ordinary physical activity results in dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, anginal pain Stage 3: moderate, marked decrease, limitation of physical activity, comfortable at rest, less ordinary activities cause s/s. Stage 4: severe, inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort, s/s at rest, discomfort increased}Hemolytic Anemia {Ans: Who is at risk? RBCs are destroyed Mismatched blood types- destroy RBCs (cytotoxic type 2) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to autoantibodies against erythrocytes that the immune system perceives as an antigen and then attacks it Allergic Reaction to drug causes drug induced hemolytic anemia}Hypersensitivity Type 2 {Ans: Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue) Primary effector cells: Macrophages Can cause tissue damage or alter the function Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue) Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis}Iron Deficiency anemia {Ans: Is a microcytic/hypochromic anemia Caused by disorders of hemoglobin synthesis, particularly iron deficiency Ferritin is an important measure