Glycolysis is the name given to a metabolic pathway occurring in many different cell
glycerol 3-phosphate.
B) glucose 6-phosphate -->fructose 6-phosphate.
C) isocitrate --> -ketoglutarate.
D) oxaloacetate --> malate.
E) pyruvate --> lactate.
In an anaerobic muscle preparation, lactate formed from glucose labeled in C-3 and C-4 would be labeled in:
A) all three carbon atoms.
B) only the carbon atom carrying the OH.
C) only the carboxyl carbon atom.
D) only the methyl carbon atom.
E) the methyl and carboxyl carbon atoms.
The anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose to 2 mol of lactate by fermentation is accompanied by a net gain of:
A) 1 mol of ATP.
B) 1 mol of NADH.
C) 2 mol of ATP.
D) 2 mol of NADH.
E) None of the above
If glucose labeled with 14C in C-1 were fed to yeast carrying out the ethanol fermentation, where would the 14C label be in the products?
A) In C-1 of ethanol and CO2
B) In C-1 of ethanol only
C) In C-2 (methyl group) of ethanol only
D) In C-2 of ethanol and CO2
E) In CO2 only
In an anaerobic muscle preparation, lactate formed from glucose labeled in C-2 would be labeled in:
A) all three carbon atoms.
B) only the carbon atom carrying the OH.
C) only the carboxyl carbon atom.
D) only the methyl carbon atom.
E) the methyl and carboxyl carbon atoms.
Which of these cofactors participates directly in most of the oxidation-reduction reactions in the fermentation of glucose to lactate?
A) ADP
B) ATP
C) FAD/FADH2
D) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
E) NAD+/NADH
In comparison with the resting state, actively contracting human muscle tissue has a:
A) higher concentration of ATP.
B) higher rate of lactate formation.
C) lower consumption of glucose.
D) lower rate of consumption of oxygen
E) lower ratio of NADH to NAD+.
Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle?
A) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is one of the enzymes of the pathway.
B) It is an endergonic process.
C) It results in net synthesis of ATP.
D) It results in synthesis of NADH.
E) Its rate is slowed by a high [ATP]/[ADP] ratio.
When a muscle is stimulated to contract aerobically, less lactic acid is formed than when it contracts anaerobically because:
A) glycolysis does not occur to significant extent under aerobic conditions.
B) muscle is metabolically less active under aerobic than anaerobic conditions.
C) the lactic acid generated is rapidly incorporated into lipids under aerobic conditions.
D) under aerobic conditions in muscle, the major energy-yielding pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway, which does not produce lactate.
E) under aerobic conditions most of the pyruvate generated as a result of glycolysis is oxidized by the citric acid cycle rather than reduced to lactate.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A) Aerobically, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate forms acetate that enters the citric acid cycle.
B) In anaerobic muscle, pyruvate is converted to lactate.
C) In yeast growing anaerobically, pyruvate is converted to ethanol.
D) Reduction of pyruvate to lactate regenerates a cofactor essential for glycolysis.
E) Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form because glycolysis does not occur.-->
types. It consists of 11 enzymatic steps that convert glucose to lactic acid. Glycolysis is an example of:
A) aerobic metabolism.
B) anabolic metabolism.
C) a net reductive process.
D) fermentation.
E) oxidative phosphorylation.
The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway results in a net formation of:
A) 1 mol of NAD+ and 2 mol
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