A primary-grade teacher who wants to implement research-based vocabulary instruction should try to emphasize: {Ans: word relationships, including antonyms, synonyms, categories, and semantic families.}Which of the following sentence-writing skills is the most challenging for students to learn? {Ans: writing complex sentences beginning with adverbial phrases}Which of the following activities would help students identify cohesive ties in a text? {Ans: having students draw arrows between pronouns and their referents}To select the best vocabulary words to teach before reading a text, the teacher should prioritize which types of words? {Ans: words that are central to understanding key meanings in the passage}To introduce a Tier 2 vocabulary word explicitly and systematically before reading, which of these strategies would be the least effective? {Ans: asking students to write the word 10 times until they can spell it}Which criterion best describes a high-quality text for use in read-alouds or comprehension instruction? {Ans: It is worth rereading for new meanings.}Which statement best describes the relationship between foundational writing skills (handwriting, spelling, punctuation, capitalization) and composition? {Ans: An equal emphasis on learning foundational skills and composition will work best for most students.}Which of these techniques is least helpful for encouraging