Maryville Nur 611 Patho Exam 3 (Latest Semester) Graded A+

Discuss surfactant in the lung. {Ans: Type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveolus and facilitates its expansion during inspiration, lowers alveolar surface tension at end expiration, and thereby prevents lung collapse.}What is the cause of diabetes insipidus {Ans: Inability of the kidney to increase permeability of water. This causes excretions of large volumes of dilute urine, leading to increase in plasma osmolality.}What type of anemia has a defective secretion of intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. {Ans: Pernicious anemia}How is respiration stimulated? {Ans: The brainstem controls respiration by transmitting impulses to the respiratory muscles, causing them to contract and relax. The basic automatic rhythm of respiration is set by the DRG, a cluster of inspiratory nerve cells located in the medulla that sends efferent impulses to the diaphragm and inspiratory intercostals muscles.}What are the risk factors for pulmonary emboli? {Ans: The most common cause of high/ is a PE that impairs blood flow to a segment of the lung. An area where alveoli are ventilated but not perfused is termed alveolar dead space. Risk factors for PE include many conditions and