Bios256 Exam 2 Questions And Answers 2024.

Describe the chemical composition of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins( identify their monomers). {Ans: } Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides Lipids: Fatty acid and glycerol Proteins: Amino acidsdefine hydrolysis {Ans: } reaction that breaks a covalent bond in a molecule by adding an OH group to one side of the bond and H to the other side, thus consuming a water molecule.define Anabolism {Ans: } process that builds food molecules into complex chemical compoundsdefine Catabolism {Ans: } process that breaks food molecules down, releasing their stored energy; oxygen used in catabolismdefine Dehydration Synthesis {Ans: } the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is releasedList and describe the functions of the following vitamins: Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E {Ans: } A: Used in visual pigments​; antioxidant​ B12: Coenzyme required for erythropoiesis C: Hemoglobin synthesis​; Collagen synthesis​; Structure of connective tissues​; Antioxidant​ D: Promotes calcium absorption and bone mineralization​ E: Antioxidantinsulin function {Ans: } -Promotes glycolysis and absorption of glucose into cells​ -Inhibits gluconeogensis​ -Lowers blood sugar when it is too high​Glucagon function {Ans: } -Promotes gluconeogenesis and glyconeogenolysis​ -Promotes lipolysis to make lipids available for fuel​ -Increases blood sugar when it is too low​Gastrin function