Esrm 304 Final Question With Complete Solution Graded A+ 2023 Already Passed

What is science? {Ans: } Accumulating knowledge, identifying an interesting pattern in knowledge, justifying/rejecting theories and explanationsWhy is the scientific approach needed? {Ans: } To work across disciplines; statistical methods is the language of research/ common in all fieldsNature of experiments {Ans: } Hypothesis, experimental design, experimental execution, statistical analysis, interpretation / re-hypothesismanipulative experiments {Ans: } Randomization, representation, replication, have the potential to reveal causationNatural experiments {Ans: } Large scale, no randomization, no replication, capable of revealing associations onlyThe Three R's of experiments {Ans: } Randomization, representation, replicationIKONOS imagery {Ans: } Satellite used to collect high resolution imagery, can be more accurate than field collected estimatesleaf area index {Ans: } ratio of total upper leaf surface of a plant divided by the surface area of land on which it grows. Correlated to NPP, rainfall interception, carbon sequestration, process-based ecological modelsThree basic navigation measurements {Ans: } Direction, distance, elevationAzimuths vs bearings {Ans: } Degrees from 0-360 vs N 50 W thingMagnetic declination {Ans: } Magnetic north does not coincide with geographic north. Declination is the angle between the local magnetic field and true northOne chain {Ans: } 66 feetMeasuring slope distance (H) to find real distance {Ans: } L = distance