Nr566-Advanced Pharmacology For Care Of The Family Study Guide Graded A+

β-lactam antibiotic MOA {Ans: } All antibiotics in class share the same mechanism of action: disruption of the bacterial cell wall. Inhibition of cell wall synthesisEmpiric Therapy {Ans: } start treatment without cultures or prior to receiving the results of a cultureimmediate empiric antibiotics {Ans: } Critically ill patients receive (Fill in the Answer) after the first set of cultures obtained; do not wait for results.Bactericidal antibiotics {Ans: } Directly kill bacteria: Agents include aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, most antimycobacterial agents, streptogramins, and vancomycin. preferred for immunocompromised patients such as those with diabetes, HIV, or cancer and for those who have overwhelming infectionsBacteriostatic agents {Ans: } inhibit bacterial proliferation while the host's immune system does the killing. Agents include clindamycin, macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclinesβ-lactam Antibiotics {Ans: } Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, MonobactamsPenicillins MOA {Ans: } Weaken bacterial cell wall by two actions: (1) inhibition of transpeptidases (2) disinhibition (activation) of autolysins.PBPs (Penicillin Binding Proteins) {Ans: } Transpeptidases, Autolysins, and other bacterial enzymes are collectively named as because antibiotic class must bind to them to produce antibacterial effects.gram-positive bacteria {Ans: } two layers: the cytoplasmic membrane and a relatively thick cell wall; penicillins are generally very active against these organisms.gram-negative bacteria {Ans: