Experiment Identification Organic Compound Che485 Uitm

T ABLEOFCONTENTNo.ContentsPages1.Abstract22.Introduction2-33.Objective44.Theory4-65.Apparatus/Material76.Procedure87.Results9-188.Discussion199.Conclusion19-2010.Recommendation201 1.References2112.Appendices221ABSTRACTAnanalyticalinstrumentforidentifyingor ganiccompoundsisformedbyasubstance'semissionandabsorptionoflightatvariousvisibleandultravioletwavelengths.Scientistsandresearchersfromavarietyofchemistryandlifesciencesectorsarealwayslookingfornewapproachestostudythechemicalprocessescombiningor ganicandinor ganicmolecules.TheUV -Visiblespectroscopictechniqueisacrucialandstraightforwardmethodfordeterminingthemolecularconcentrationinasolutionandidentifyingthefunctionalgroupsofconjugatedor ganiccompounds.Anor ganicsubstancecanbeidentifiedbyitsmolarabsorptioncoef ficient,anintrinsicfeatureofspecies.Thevalidationofor ganiccompoundswithmolarabsorptioncoef ficientsintheUV -visiblerangeispresentedinthisstudyinasystematicandthoroughmanner .INTRODUCTIONThevisiblespectrum,whichcoversthewavelengthrangeof380nmto780nm,isaverysmallpercentageoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Incontrast,theultravioletregionincludesthefarultraviolet(10nmto200nm)andthenearultraviolet(200nmto380nm).TheLatinwords"spectron"(whichmeansspirit)and"skopien"(whichmeansseeingintotheworld)aretherootsoftheword"spectroscopy ."Sinceitinvolvesthestimulationofelectronicstates,spectroscopyintheultravioletandvisiblerangeisknownaselectronicspectroscopy .Itisbelievedthatelectromagneticradiationismadeupofbothphoton-likeparticlesandwaves.Ifthefrequencyoftheincidentradiationmatchesthedif ferencebetweentheener gylevelsoftwoelectronicstates,electronsinanatomormoleculearestimulated.Theener gydif ferenceisdeterminedbythemolecules'electronicstructures,thereforevibrationalalterationscanbecausedbyaprotonwithalowerener gy.Theterm"absorptionspectrum"referstoaplotbetweenabsorptionandthewavelength(nm)ofincidentradiation.FortheUV -Visarea,amolecule'sabsorptionspectrumshowsaseriesofextremelydistinctlines,eachofwhichcorrespondstoawavelengththatisequaltotheener gyrequiredtoinduceanelectronictransition.However ,themajorityofmolecules'UV -visiblespectraareobservedtocontainhumps,whichiscausedbyanelectronictransitionaccompaniedbyhigherelectronicstatevibrationallevels.Additionally ,becauseeachvibrationallevelhasasmallerrotationalchangethantheonebeforeit,theyinteractwithoneanotherandobfuscatethecrispspectrallinesintobandsorbroadspectrum.2Inquantitativeanalysis,Beer -LambertrulesarefrequentlyemployedinUV -visiblespectroscopyforqualitativeanalysis,suchasidentifyingmolecularcharacteristics,aswellasquantitativeanalysis,suchasconcentrationdetermination.TheBeer -Lambertlawisgivenas= � whereAisabsorbance,Iisthelightintensity ,ismolarabsorptioncoef ficient,l(=� ( ))isthesamplelengthandcistheconcentration.3OBJECTIVET odeterminetheor ganiccompoundsA,C,D,I,J,andKusingUV -visandIRspectroscopy .THEOR YAccordingtoMd.SajidHasan(2022),Electromagneticradiation,oftenknownasinfraredradiationorinfraredlight,isanelectricalwave.Incomparisontovisiblelight,itlikewisehaslengthywavelengths.Redlighthasahigherfrequency ,whereasinfraredlighthasalowerfrequency .Near ,midandfararetheregionsthatareintheinfrared.Therearecomparedintermofwavelengthsandwavenumbersasfollows:RegionsW avelengthsW avenumbersNearInfrared0.7mto2.5m14000-4000�1MidInfrared2.5mto25m4000-400�1Farinfrared25mto1mm400-10�1Thewavelengthabsorption,whichwillbedetectedandmeasureddependingontheparticularcomponents,iswhatthespectroscopicapproachrelieson.IR,microwave,andUV -Visareafewexamples.Radiationwillbeabsorbedbymoleculesbythreedif ferentprocesses,includingrotationaltransition,electronictransition,andvibrationaltransition.Thisener gylevelcanbearrangedbasedonfollowingorder:Rotational