Organic Chemistry Exam Questions (240 Terms) With Verified Definitions Updated 2024

alkoxide {Ans: conjugate base of an alcohol}Perphosphoric Acid {Ans: H3PO5}Carboxylate ion to carboxylic acid {Ans: }enolate {Ans: -intermediate -stabilized by resonance -enol+base-->enolate}inductive effect {Ans: Electron donation or withdrawal through the sigma bonds of a molecule. is an electronic property in which electronegative atoms or EWG substituents pull electron density away from an adjacent atom toward themselves through sigma bonds, creating a dipole with partial positive and partial negative charges at each end Ester hydrolyzation - electron withdraeing through an induvtice effect, creating a dipole - increases electrophilciity and reactivity of the esters carbonyl carbon Amide nitrogen atom - less electron withdraing due to smaller electronegativity difference between C and N compared to C and O in esters 0.5 compard to 1 difference resonance with the C=O bond icnrease electron density around the C atom - decreases electrophilicity and reactivity of carbonyl carbon}Acetonide protecting group {Ans: Protect diol by reacting with acetone and acid}Proteolytic cleavage {Ans: Hydrolysis of a protein by a proteolytic enzyme, eg. trypsin, chymotrypsin. Is a hydrolysis reaction}alpha carbon {Ans: any carbon attached directly to a carbonyl carbon}Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions {Ans: All carboxylic acid derivatives can undergo nucleophilic