Exam 2 Essentials Of Pathophysiology Review Sheet

lOMoARcPSD|28205643 EXAM 2 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY REVIEW SHEETEssentials of Pathophysiology - Exam #2 Review Sheet Covers Modules 4, 5, and 6 - Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10 1.What is gastritis? What are causes? A.Inflammation of the stomach lining B.Causes: Precipitated by ingestion of irritating substances (Ex. Alcohol and aspirin, NSAIDs, viral, bacteria, & autoimmune) 2.Review the etiology (cause) and clinical manifestations (S&S) of GERD. What are complications of GERD if left untreated? Causes Increases abdominal pressure fatty foods caffeine large amounts of alcohol, cigarette smoking pregnancy Signs & Symptoms Heartburn (usually after eating) Chest pain Difficulty swallowing Regurgitation of food or sour liquid Sensation of a lump in your throat If left untreated it can cause cellular changes leading up to esophageal cancer (Barrett esophagus) and the individual can develop pulmonary symptoms (cough, asthma, and laryngitis: from reflux in breathing passages) 3.Review the etiology and clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). ! Cause No relation between diet and PUD Caused by NSAIDs, stress (glucocorticoids), smoking, genetics H. pylori Key role in promoting both gastric and duodenal ulcer formation Thrives in acidic conditions Slow rate of ulcer healing High rate of recurrence Clearance of H. pylori promotes ulcer healing !