Comprehensive Pathophysiology Final Exam Complete Key Concepts

lOMoARcPSD|28205643 Comprehensive Pathophysiology Final Exam Complete Key ConceptsFinal Exam Key Concepts: Essentials of Pathophysiology Module 1 Low potassium (Hypokalemia) - Monitor heart. oCardiac arrhythmias oHypokalemia: muscle weakness, parasthesia, hyporeexia, leg cramps, weak and irregular pulse, hypotension, dysrhythmias, electrocardiogram changes, decreased bowel sounds, abdominal distension, constipation, ileus, and cardiac arrest. Catecholamines - Flight or ght response oEpinephrine onorepinephrine oAdrenaline oIncreases HR, increases BP otachycardia, increased BP, increases HR, catacholimines, cortisol, epinipherine, adrenaline, pupil dilation Function of Albumin - decrease albumin - ascites oAlbumin- plasma protein, likes water. Takes water with it oSwelling, no albumin in the blood. proteinuria oWill have ascites (abdominal swelling)- generalized uid accumulation in the wrong places. Generalized swelling. Third spacing. Function of Aldosterone oSodium and water retention oHelps to maintain BP Different uid compartments oIntracellular- uid inside cells oExtracellular- uid outside cells oIntravascular- inside blood vessels oInterstitial- between cells oTranscellular- third spacing Causes of edema - increased capillary hydrostatic pressure oExcess uid in the interstitial space. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decrease in plasma protein. Sign and symptom oSymptom- something the patient experiences oSign- something you see Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples oImmune complex reaction oExcessive immune body produces auto antibody immune response of the body oEx: rheumatoid